三、企业履行社会责任对企业自身的福利影响
(一)从短期看增加了成本
第一,若履行社会责任的成本为固定值,即充当了固定成本,则企业的边际成本MC不变,企业为实现利润最大化,仍将生产q量的产品。在固定成本增加的情况下仍生产原来数量的产品,企业可能会不堪重负而倒闭。
图4
第二,若履行社会责任的成本为可变成本,则企业的边际成本线会上升至MC’,(图4),上升的幅度为增加的可变成本。为实现利润最大化,
所以若企业不能在增加成本后达到利润最大化时的生产规模,理性企业会选择不履行社会责任。
(二)从长期看企业福利增加
第一,企业增加的成本可以长期分摊。长期分摊的好处是企业结账时不必占用太多的当期成本,企业减少了成本压力。
第二,企业的社会责任也是竞争力。在激烈的市场竞争当中,很多企业为了扩大市场,提高竞争力,不断添置新设备,采用新技术、新工艺以及现代化的管理方法,但是,他们往往会忽视企业的形象、品牌、信誉这些软实力,而这些也是企业竞争力的重要方面。企业的社会责任则又是支撑这些企业软实力不可或缺的最重要的因素。
第三,企业产品需求增加推动企业的可持续发展,是企业社会责任的最大福利(图5)。
图5
四、结论
[1] 黄敬宝. 外部性理论的演进及其启示[J]. 生产力研究.2006,(07):22~24
[2] Marshall. A.: Principles of Economics [M]. London, Macmillan, 1890.226
[3]Clapham.J.H.On Empty Economic Boxes [J]. Economic Journal, 1922(32):305.
[4] A.C.Pigou. The Economics of Welfare [M]. Macmillan Company, Inc.1920. 111
[5]Ronald H. Coase. The Problem of Social Cost[J].Journal of Law and Economics .1960.(10) :1-44
[6] Paul A. Samuelson, William D. Nordhaus, Microeconomics, 17th edition[M]. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.2001.300~308
[7] 黎友焕.企业社会责任研究[D].西北大学,2007.
[8]Ansel M. Sharp, Economics of Social Issues, Fifteenth Edition,[M]. Irwin/McGraw Hill, 2003.78~98
作者联系方式:
黎友焕
联系地址:广州市天河北路369号广东省社会科学院;邮政编码:510610
联系电话:13318869512
身份证号码:441502197107121334
Welfare Analysis of CSR Based on the Externality Theory
LI You-huan GONG Cheng-wei
(Guangdong Academy of Social Sciences, the Research Institute of Industrial Economy, Guangzhou 510610, China)
Abstract: With the deepening of reforming and opening policy, more and more enterprises are merged with the tide of internationalization. Today corporate social responsibility has become an important and hot topic between Chinese and foreign scholars, entrepreneurs and government departments. As an important part of welfare economics, the theoretical tool of externality provides a great convenience for the analysis of corporate social responsibility. This paper, using externality tools, analyzes external diseconomy effect brought by enterprises failing to fulfill their social responsibility to stakeholders, as well as the economic and diseconomy effect brought to enterprise itself, and makes up with the ideas to deal with external diseconomy.
Key Words: Externality; Corporate Social Responsibility; Stakeholders